Abstract
The evolutionary relationships among the 19 extant macaque species are examined through the cladistic patterns of Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal loci. In taxa exhibiting sex-biased dispersal, these three genetic transmission systems differ in effective population size, level of intertroop mobility, and mode of inheritance. The following dissertation is, therefore, not only an investigation of the phylogenetic history of Macaca, but also a significant empirical study of how these distinct systems can yield incongruent evolutionary topologies. When loci from each of these systems are interpreted in the context of their unique biological and behavioral conditions, a rich picture of macaque evolutionary history emerges. Comparative phylogenetic analyses suggest: (1) four monophyletic macaque species groups ( sensu Fooden 1976 as modified by Delson 1980), (2) an initial bifurcation among Asian macaques between the silenus group progenitor and a M. fascicularis-like taxon, with the latter representing the probable common ancestor to all non-silenus group Asian macaques, (3) a possible hybrid origin of M. arctoides from proto-M. assamensis/thibetana and proto-M. fascicularis, (4) a single colonization of Sulawesi, and (5) contemporary introgression between M. mulatta and M. fascicularis in Indochina.
